概(gai)述
開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中主要(yao)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)元器(qi)件為半(ban)導體開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)、功(gong)率(lv)(lv)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)、高(gao)頻變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、濾波電(dian)(dian)感等。不同(tong)器(qi)件有不同(tong)的(de)控制發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)量(liang)的(de)方法(fa)。功(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)高(gao)頻開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)量(liang)較大(da)(da)的(de)器(qi)件之一，減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)它的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)量(liang)，不僅(jin)可(ke)以提(ti)高(gao)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)，而且可(ke)以提(ti)高(gao)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)平均無故障時(shi)(shi)間(jian)（MTBF）。開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)量(liang)是(shi)由損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)由開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)過(guo)(guo)程損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)和通態(tai)(tai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)兩部分組(zu)成，減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)通態(tai)(tai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)可(ke)以通過(guo)(guo)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)低(di)通態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)來減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)通態(tai)(tai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)；開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)過(guo)(guo)程損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)是(shi)由于(yu)柵電(dian)(dian)荷大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)過(guo)(guo)程損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)可(ke)以選(xuan)擇開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)速(su)度(du)更(geng)快、恢復時(shi)(shi)間(jian)更(geng)短的(de)器(qi)件來減(jian)(jian)(jian)少。但更(geng)為重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)通過(guo)(guo)設計更(geng)優的(de)控制方式和緩(huan)沖(chong)技(ji)術來減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，如采用(yong)(yong)軟開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)技(ji)術，可(ke)以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)這種損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)量(liang)，對(dui)(dui)交流(liu)(liu)整流(liu)(liu)及(ji)緩(huan)沖(chong)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)，一般情(qing)況下(xia)不會有更(geng)好的(de)控制技(ji)術來減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，可(ke)以通過(guo)(guo)選(xuan)擇高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)來減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)二(er)次側(ce)的(de)整流(liu)(liu)可(ke)以選(xuan)擇效率(lv)(lv)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)同(tong)步(bu)整流(liu)(liu)技(ji)術來減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)高(gao)頻磁性(xing)(xing)材(cai)料(liao)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，要(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)避免趨膚效應，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)趨膚效應造成的(de)影(ying)響，可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)多股(gu)細漆(qi)包線并繞的(de)辦法(fa)來解決。
高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)超(chao)過中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)（10kHz）的(de)(de)(de)(de)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，主要用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)開關(guan)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)作(zuo)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)開關(guan)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，也(ye)有用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)逆(ni)變(bian)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)逆(ni)變(bian)焊機中(zhong)作(zuo)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)逆(ni)變(bian)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。按工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)低，可(ke)分(fen)為幾(ji)個檔次：10kHz～50kHz、50kHz～100kHz、100kHz～500kHz、500kHz～1MHz、1MHz以上(shang)。傳送(song)功率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)，工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)低；傳送(song)功率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)，工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)。這樣，既有工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別，又有送(song)功率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別，工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)不同檔次的(de)(de)(de)(de)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設計方法不一樣.
高頻電源變壓器的設計原則
重(zhong)性能(neng)和效率，有時可能(neng)偏重(zhong)價(jia)格和成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。現在(zai)，輕、薄(bo)、短、小(xiao)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展方向(xiang)，是(shi)強調降(jiang)低成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。其中成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)大難點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，更需要在(zai)這方面(mian)下功夫。所以高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“設(she)計要點(dian)”，性能(neng)，成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，如果能(neng)認真考慮一(yi)下高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計原則，追求更好的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)價(jia)格比，傳送不到10VA的(de)(de)(de)單片開關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，應當(dang)設(she)計出更輕、薄(bo)、短、小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)方案來。市場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值規律是(shi)無(wu)情的(de)(de)(de)！許多性能(neng)好的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)，往往由(you)于價(jia)格不能(neng)為(wei)(wei)市場(chang)(chang)接受而遭(zao)冷落和淘汰。往往一(yi)種新(xin)產品(pin)被成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)否決(jue)。要“節(jie)能(neng)又節(jie)錢”
產品成本，不但包括材料成本，生產成本，還包括研發成本，設計成本。因此，為了節約時間，根據經驗，對高頻電源變壓器的鐵損銅損比例、漏感與激磁電感比例、原邊和副邊繞組損耗比例、電流密度提供一些參考數據，對窗口填充程度，繞組導線和結構推薦一些方案,不要按步就班地來回進行推算和仿真。設計原則是在具體的使用條件下完成具體的功能中追求性能價格比。檢驗設計的標準是設計出的產品能否實應住市場。
高頻電源變壓器的設計要求
以設計(ji)原則(ze)為(wei)出發點，可以對高頻電(dian)源變壓器提出4項(xiang)設計(ji)要求：使用條(tiao)件，完(wan)成功能，提高效率，降低成本(ben)。
1、使用條(tiao)件
使用(yong)條件包括兩方面內容：可靠性(xing)和(he)電磁兼容性(xing)。
可靠(kao)性是(shi)指在具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)下，高(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器能正常工作到使用(yong)壽命為止。一(yi)般使用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)對高(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)環境溫(wen)度。有些軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)材料，居里(li)點比(bi)較(jiao)低，對溫(wen)度敏(min)感。例如(ru)：錳鋅(xin)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)氧(yang)(yang)體，居里(li)點只(zhi)有215℃，其(qi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)密(mi)度，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)導率和(he)損耗都隨溫(wen)度發生變(bian)化(hua)，故(gu)除正常溫(wen)度25℃外，還要給出60℃，80℃，100℃時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種參(can)考數據。因(yin)此，將(jiang)錳鋅(xin)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)氧(yang)(yang)體磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作溫(wen)度限(xian)制在100℃以下，也就(jiu)是(shi)環境溫(wen)度為40℃時(shi)(shi)，溫(wen)升只(zhi)允(yun)許低于(yu)60℃，相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)A級(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料溫(wen)度。與(yu)錳鋅(xin)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)氧(yang)(yang)體磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯相(xiang)配(pei)套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線和(he)絕(jue)緣(yuan)件(jian)，一(yi)般都采用(yong)E級(ji)和(he)B級(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料，采用(yong)H級(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三重絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線和(he)聚酰(xian)胺薄膜，成本(ben)增加,是(shi)不是(shi)因(yin)為H級(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器優化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計方案，可以使體積減少(shao)1/2～1/3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緣(yuan)故(gu)?本(ben)來體積就(jiu)比(bi)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)100kHz10VA高(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器，如(ru)次級(ji)繞組采用(yong)三重絕(jue)緣(yuan)線，能把體積減小1/2～1/3。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容性(xing)(xing)是指高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)既不產生(sheng)(sheng)對外(wai)界(jie)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干(gan)(gan)擾，又能承受(shou)外(wai)界(jie)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干(gan)(gan)擾。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干(gan)(gan)擾包括音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)和高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)。高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干(gan)(gan)擾的(de)主(zhu)要原因還(huan)有(you)(you)磁(ci)芯之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)吸力(li)和繞(rao)組(zu)導線之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)斥力(li)。這些力(li)的(de)變化(hua)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率與高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)工作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率一致。因此(ci)，工作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率為100kHz左右(you)的(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，沒有(you)(you)特殊(shu)原因是不會產生(sheng)(sheng)20kHz以(yi)下(xia)音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)。10W以(yi)下(xia)單片開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率，約為10kHz～20kHz，一定有(you)(you)其原因。由高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)本身(shen)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)可能性(xing)(xing)不大，沒有(you)(you)必要采用玻璃珠膠合(he)劑粘(zhan)合(he)磁(ci)芯。
屏蔽(bi)是(shi)防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾，增加高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變壓器電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)性的(de)好辦法。但是(shi)為了阻(zu)止高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變壓器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾傳播，在設計(ji)磁(ci)芯結構和設計(ji)繞組(zu)結構也應當(dang)采取相(xiang)應的(de)措施(shi)，只加外屏蔽(bi)帶并不(bu)一定是(shi)方案(an)，因為它只能(neng)阻(zu)止輻射干擾，不(bu)能(neng)阻(zu)止傳導干擾。
2、完成功能
高頻電源變壓器完(wan)成功(gong)能有3個：功(gong)率傳送，電壓變換和絕緣隔(ge)離。功(gong)率傳送有兩種方(fang)式。
種是(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)功(gong)率(lv)的傳送(song)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，加在原繞組上的電壓(ya)(ya)，在磁芯(xin)中產生磁通(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，使(shi)副繞組感應電壓(ya)(ya)，從(cong)而使(shi)電功(gong)率(lv)從(cong)原邊傳送(song)到(dao)副邊。在功(gong)率(lv)傳送(song)過程中，磁芯(xin)又分為磁通(tong)(tong)單方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化和雙方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化兩種工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。單方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，磁通(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度從(cong)值(zhi)(zhi)Bm變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化到(dao)剩余(yu)磁通(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度Br，或(huo)者(zhe)從(cong)Br變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化到(dao)Bm。磁通(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化值(zhi)(zhi)ΔB=Bm－Br。為了提高(gao)ΔB，希(xi)望Bm大，Br小。雙方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)(shi)磁通(tong)(tong)度從(cong)＋Bm變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化到(dao)－Bm，或(huo)者(zhe)從(cong)－Bm變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化到(dao)＋Bm。磁通(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化值(zhi)(zhi)ΔB=2Bm，為了提高(gao)ΔB，希(xi)望Bm大，但不要(yao)求Br小，不論是(shi)(shi)(shi)單方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)(shi)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)雙方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)功(gong)率(lv)傳送(song)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)都不直(zhi)接與磁芯(xin)磁導率(lv)有(you)關(guan)。
第二種(zhong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)傳(chuan)送方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)輸入的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，使(shi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)起來(lai)(lai)，然(ran)后通(tong)過去磁(ci)(ci)(ci)使(shi)副(fu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放給負(fu)載(zai)。傳(chuan)送功(gong)(gong)率(lv)決定于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，而儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)又決定于(yu)(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)與(yu)(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)導(dao)率(lv)有(you)關(guan)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)導(dao)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量大(da)，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)多(duo)(duo)，而不(bu)直接(jie)與(yu)(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)密度(du)有(you)關(guan)。雖然(ran)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)傳(chuan)送方(fang)(fang)(fang)式不(bu)同，要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)一樣(yang)，但(dan)(dan)是在高(gao)(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)設(she)計中(zhong)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)的(de)(de)材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)選擇仍然(ran)是設(she)計的(de)(de)一個主(zhu)要(yao)內容。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)通(tong)過原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)邊(bian)(bian)和(he)(he)(he)副(fu)邊(bian)(bian)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)比來(lai)(lai)完(wan)成。不(bu)管(guan)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)傳(chuan)送是哪(na)一種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)邊(bian)(bian)和(he)(he)(he)副(fu)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)比等(deng)于(yu)(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)副(fu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)比，只要(yao)不(bu)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)比，就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)。但(dan)(dan)是，繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)有(you)關(guan)。漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)大(da)小與(yu)(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)成正(zheng)比。“對于(yu)(yu)一符合(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及安全標準的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，其漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量應為(wei)次級開(kai)(kai)路(lu)(lu)時初級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量的(de)(de)1％～3％：“在很多(duo)(duo)技術單(dan)上(shang)，標注著(zhu)漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)=1％的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)或漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)<2％的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)等(deng)類似的(de)(de)技術要(yao)求(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設(she)計者(zhe)應當(dang)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)正(zheng)常(chang)工作要(yao)求(qiu)，對所能(neng)(neng)(neng)接(jie)受(shou)的(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)值作一個數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值限制。在制作變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，應在不(bu)使(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)其他參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)（如匝(za)(za)(za)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容等(deng)）變(bian)(bian)(bian)差的(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)小漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)值。就(jiu)(jiu)是盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)小漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)值。因(yin)為(wei)漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)值大(da)，儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量也大(da)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)過程中(zhong)突然(ran)釋放，會產生(sheng)尖峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，增加開(kai)(kai)關(guan)器(qi)(qi)件承受(shou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)峰(feng)值，對絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)利，也產生(sheng)附加損耗和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)干擾。絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隔離通(tong)過原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)邊(bian)(bian)和(he)(he)(he)副(fu)邊(bian)(bian)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構(gou)來(lai)(lai)完(wan)成。為(wei)了保證繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，必須增加兩個繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)距離，從而降(jiang)低繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)間(jian)的(de)(de)耦(ou)合(he)程度(du)，使(shi)漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)增大(da)。還有(you)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)一般為(wei)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)，匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)少，否則，匝(za)(za)(za)間(jian)或者(zhe)層間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)差大(da)，會引起局(ju)部短路(lu)(lu)。這樣(yang)，匝(za)(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)下(xia)(xia)限，使(shi)漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)也有(you)下(xia)(xia)限。總之，在高(gao)(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)總體結構(gou)設(she)計中(zhong)，要(yao)統籌(chou)考慮漏(lou)(lou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)強度(du)問題。
3、提高效率(lv)
提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍要(yao)求。提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，可以節約電(dian)(dian)(dian)力。又具有(you)環境保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重社會經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。因此，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)要(yao)求，一(yi)般效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)要(yao)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)95％以上，損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)要(yao)減少到(dao)5％以下。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)包括(kuo)磁(ci)芯損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)（鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)）和(he)(he)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)（銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)）。有(you)人(ren)關(guan)心變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)和(he)(he)銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例。這個(ge)比例是(shi)(shi)(shi)隨(sui)(sui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)發生變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)越低(di)，繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)數越多(duo)，銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)越大(da)。因此在(zai)(zai)50Hz工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)下，銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)遠遠超過(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。例如：50Hz，100kVAS9型(xing)三相油浸式(shi)硅鋼(gang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5倍左右。50Hz，100kVASH11型(xing)三相油浸式(shi)非晶合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20倍左右。隨(sui)(sui)著工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)數減少，雖然由(you)(you)于(yu)趨表效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應和(he)(he)鄰近效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應存在(zai)(zai)而(er)使繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)增加(jia)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)隨(sui)(sui)著工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)下降(jiang)。而(er)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)包括(kuo)磁(ci)滯損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)和(he)(he)渦(wo)流損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，隨(sui)(sui)著工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)迅速增大(da)。在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)段工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，有(you)可能出現銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)和(he)(he)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)相等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，超過(guo)這一(yi)段工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)就大(da)于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。造成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)不等于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因.導線粗細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇，雖然受趨表效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應影響，但(dan)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)送功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)來(lai)決(jue)定，與工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)不存在(zai)(zai)直接關(guan)系(xi)。而(er)且(qie)，選(xuan)用非常(chang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漆包線作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，反而(er)會增加(jia)銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)，延緩銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下降(jiang)趨勢(shi)。說不定在(zai)(zai)設計(ji)選(xuan)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)下，還有(you)可能出現銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)等于(yu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。中小功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)100kHz左右，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)已經大(da)于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)，而(er)成為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)部分。
正(zheng)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)是高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電源變(bian)(bian)壓器損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)部分(fen)(fen)，因此根(gen)據鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)選擇磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)是高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電源變(bian)(bian)壓器設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)主要(yao)內容。鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)也(ye)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)評價軟磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)主要(yao)參數。鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)與(yu)磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)有關，在(zai)介紹(shao)(shao)軟磁(ci)磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)時，必(bi)須說明(ming)(ming)在(zai)什(shen)么工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)下和在(zai)什(shen)么工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)下損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。用(yong)符號表示(shi)時，也(ye)必(bi)須標(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)PB/f〔式中工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)B的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)是T（特斯拉），工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)f的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)是Hz（赫芝）〕。例如，P0.5/400表示(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5T，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)400Hz時的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。又例如，P0.1/100k表示(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1T，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100kHz時的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)還與(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)有關，在(zai)介紹(shao)(shao)軟磁(ci)磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)時，必(bi)須指明(ming)(ming)它的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)，特別(bie)是軟磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)氧體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，對溫度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)化比較敏感，在(zai)產品說明(ming)(ming)書中都要(yao)列出(chu)25℃至100℃的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)。軟磁(ci)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)和磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)并不完全(quan)代表使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)限，常常是鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)(sun)限制了工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)限。所以，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)電源變(bian)(bian)壓器用(yong)軟磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)氧體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)分(fen)(fen)類標(biao)(biao)準中，把(ba)允許的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)通密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)和工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)乘積B×f，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)因子(zi)(zi)，并說明(ming)(ming)在(zai)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)因子(zi)(zi)條(tiao)件下允許的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)值(zhi)。新的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類標(biao)(biao)準根(gen)據性(xing)(xing)能(neng)因子(zi)(zi)把(ba)軟磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)氧體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)PW1，PW2，PW3，PW4，PW5等5類，性(xing)(xing)能(neng)因子(zi)(zi)越(yue)高的(de)(de)(de)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)高，極限頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)也(ye)越(yue)高。例如，PW3類軟磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)氧體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100kHz，極限頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)300kHz，性(xing)(xing)能(neng)因子(zi)(zi)B×f為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10000mT×kHz，即在(zai)100mT（0.1T）和100kHz下，100℃時損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)a級≤300kW/m（300mW/cm3），b級≤150kW/m3（150mW/cm3）。
在某(mou)(mou)一(yi)段工作頻(pin)率(lv)下(xia)，高頻(pin)電源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)損(sun)(sun)耗（銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)）與(yu)鐵損(sun)(sun)相接(jie)近(jin)時，例(li)如，銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)/鐵損(sun)(sun)=100％～25％范圍內，銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)也不(bu)能忽視，也應(ying)當(dang)(dang)考(kao)慮采取(qu)措施(shi)來減少銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)。由于(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和(he)副繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)承擔的(de)功(gong)率(lv)相近(jin)，往(wang)往(wang)在設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中取(qu)原(yuan)(yuan)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)等于(yu)副繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)，以便簡化(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算過程，不(bu)能只強(qiang)調依溫升(sheng)來設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高頻(pin)電源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)，由于(yu)熱(re)阻不(bu)容易準確確定，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算相當(dang)(dang)麻煩。因此，為(wei)了簡化(hua)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算，有時根據經驗預先(xian)推薦一(yi)些原(yuan)(yuan)則和(he)數據是必要(yao)的(de)。同(tong)樣，為(wei)了簡化(hua)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算，對不(bu)同(tong)工作頻(pin)率(lv)，不(bu)同(tong)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)高頻(pin)電源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)推薦不(bu)同(tong)的(de)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)電流密度(du)，也是必要(yao)的(de)，但不(bu)限于(yu)某(mou)(mou)一(yi)個(ge)電流密度(du)值，例(li)如，2A/mm2～3A/mm2。應(ying)當(dang)(dang)看(kan)到：實現高頻(pin)電源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)求的(de)方法并不(bu)限于(yu)一(yi)種(zhong)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)進行多種(zhong)多樣的(de)探索(suo).
4、降低(di)成本
降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，有時(shi)甚至是(shi)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)，和(he)(he)(he)(he)其他商品(pin)一(yi)(yi)樣，都面(mian)臨著市(shi)(shi)場(chang)競爭。競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)包(bao)括性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)兩個方(fang)面(mian)，缺一(yi)(yi)不(bu)可。不(bu)注意降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，往往會在(zai)競爭中被淘(tao)汰。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)包(bao)括材(cai)(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，制(zhi)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管理(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手(shou)段。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)零(ling)部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貴*和(he)(he)(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少？是(shi)否(fou)(fou)方(fang)便(bian)采(cai)購(gou)？是(shi)否(fou)(fou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)備(bei)有多(duo)少庫存量(liang)(liang)？磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)，線圈(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)裝配工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)復(fu)雜(za)還(huan)是(shi)簡(jian)單(dan)？需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)占的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例多(duo)大（實現生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)化和(he)(he)(he)(he)自動化，可以(yi)減(jian)少人工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，更能(neng)保證產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)(liang)）？是(shi)否(fou)(fou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模具(ju)？質量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)檢測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序和(he)(he)(he)(he)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)：哪些(xie)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中檢測(ce)？哪些(xie)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)出(chu)廠試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中檢測(ce)（出(chu)廠試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)應選(xuan)擇能(neng)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)多(duo)，以(yi)便(bian)能(neng)即時(shi)判(pan)斷(duan)產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)(liang)。）？哪些(xie)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)型式(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中檢測(ce)？要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)什么(me)檢測(ce)儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)，價(jia)格(ge)如(ru)何？等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，都是(shi)由(you)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)來(lai)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)者除了(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)解(jie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論和(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)法而外，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)解(jie)各種(zhong)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)價(jia)格(ge)，各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)價(jia)格(ge)，各種(zhong)絕緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)價(jia)格(ge)；還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)解(jie)磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)熱處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，線圈(quan)(quan)繞(rao)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)絕緣處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)及變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)；還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)解(jie)實現質量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)；還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)解(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)知識(shi)以(yi)及高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)動態等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。只有知識(shi)全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)者，才能(neng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)出(chu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)品(pin)。降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)促進高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)技術發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)推動力(li)。為什么(me)輕(qing)、薄、短、小(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展方(fang)向？原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)之一(yi)(yi)是(shi)這樣既能(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，又(you)能(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)制(zhi)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率，可以(yi)使(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。但是(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)克服高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負面(mian)影響(xiang)，必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)導電(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)并增加抑(yi)制(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)干擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，對具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)使(shi)用(yong)條件下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)究竟(jing)選(xuan)用(yong)多(duo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率？要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)綜合(he)考慮(lv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)后決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)損耗發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)(liang)，可以(yi)減(jian)少高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)散熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)積(ji)，從而使(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。但是(shi)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)損耗必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)新(xin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，對具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)使(shi)用(yong)條件下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)究竟(jing)達到(dao)多(duo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率？也要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)綜合(he)考慮(lv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)后決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。
高頻(pin)電源變壓器的設計程序
高(gao)頻電源變壓器的設計程(cheng)序，包括磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)材料，磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)構(gou)，磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)參數，線圈(quan)參數，組裝結(jie)構(gou)和(he)溫升校核等內容。下面分別進行討(tao)論。
磁(ci)芯(xin)材料
根據高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)本(ben)來應當(dang)是設(she)計程序的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)。但是，現(xian)在一(yi)般都(dou)認(ren)為高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)應當(dang)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)，是自然而(er)(er)然的(de)(de)(de)事情。許多(duo)有關高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)論文，專著(zhu)和教材(cai)(cai)，只(zhi)針(zhen)對(dui)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)行(xing)討論，而(er)(er)對(dui)其(qi)他軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)有時(shi)說明一(yi)下(xia)，有時(shi)只(zhi)字不提。而(er)(er)且究竟選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)哪(na)一(yi)類軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)，也不加以說明，好象大(da)家都(dou)知道。和任何(he)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)一(yi)樣，軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)有自己的(de)(de)(de)優缺(que)點。軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)、交流渦流損耗小(xiao)，價格便(bian)(bian)宜(yi)(yi)，易加工成各種形狀的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)。缺(que)點是工作磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通密度(du)(du)低(di)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)導率(lv)(lv)不高(gao)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)致伸縮大(da)，對(dui)溫度(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)化比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)敏感。因此，有些高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)并不適合選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)。例如(ru)(ru)，工作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)低(di)（50kHz以下(xia)），功(gong)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，如(ru)(ru)果選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)工作磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通密度(du)(du)低(di)，用材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)多(duo)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)大(da)，加工困難，易碎，成品率(lv)(lv)不高(gao)，顯不出價格便(bian)(bian)宜(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)。又(you)例如(ru)(ru)，工作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)（500kHz以上），功(gong)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)重量和體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)本(ben)來都(dou)小(xiao)，如(ru)(ru)果選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)，必須(xu)用PW4、PW5類材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，價格也不便(bian)(bian)宜(yi)(yi)，與其(qi)他軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)相比(bi)(bi)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)價格基本(ben)相當(dang)，有時(shi)反而(er)(er)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)大(da)，而(er)(er)處于(yu)(yu)不利地位。即使在適合于(yu)(yu)軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)工作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)范圍內，也要(yao)對(dui)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)哪(na)一(yi)類軟(ruan)(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵氧體(ti)(ti)(ti)更能全面(mian)滿足(zu)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)，進(jin)行(xing)認(ren)真考慮，才(cai)可以使設(she)計出來的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)達到比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)理想的(de)(de)(de)性能價格比(bi)(bi)。
磁芯結構
高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電源變壓(ya)器設計(ji)中選擇磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)結(jie)構(gou)時考(kao)慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)有(you)(you)：降低(di)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)感，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積，有(you)(you)利于(yu)屏(ping)蔽(bi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)，裝配接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便等。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)感與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)結(jie)構(gou)有(you)(you)直(zhi)接(jie)關系。如果(guo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)，則(ze)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)框型結(jie)構(gou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，特(te)別是工作(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電源變壓(ya)器，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)點漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)感，就(jiu)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)產生比(bi)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)阻抗。封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通基本(ben)上(shang)集中在磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)里(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)小(xiao)。同時，不(bu)(bu)論外(wai)界(jie)干(gan)擾(rao)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場從(cong)哪個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)侵入，都(dou)在磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中分為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)通過(guo)，產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)互相抵消(xiao)。但是，封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)困難，且環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)要(yao)通過(guo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，而且內層引出線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)要(yao)穿(chuan)過(guo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)引出，故必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)絕緣(yuan)。不(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)大(da)(da)，可(ke)(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，引出線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)。裝線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)部(bu)(bu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，減(jian)少(shao)平均匝(za)長(chang)，降低(di)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。矮胖圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)感比(bi)瘦高(gao)(gao)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)大(da)(da)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)原(yuan)因是胖，圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)輻射面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)大(da)(da)；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)原(yuan)因是矮，上(shang)下(xia)兩磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)軛距離近，容易(yi)(yi)(yi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)徑。不(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)位(wei)置與漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)感有(you)(you)密切關系。在保(bao)(bao)證完成(cheng)功能(neng)所需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)減(jian)少(shao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，不(bu)(bu)但增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)感，還減(jian)少(shao)等值磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)導率(lv)，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)功率(lv)，對(dui)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電源變壓(ya)器工作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)利。另(ling)外(wai)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置處于(yu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中間部(bu)(bu)位(wei)，可(ke)(ke)以起到減(jian)少(shao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。窗(chuang)口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)與線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積有(you)(you)關。窗(chuang)口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積大(da)(da)，繞(rao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)大(da)(da)，電阻小(xiao)，損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)小(xiao)，發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)小(xiao)。同時，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)，散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積也(ye)大(da)(da)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在留足工藝(yi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窗(chuang)口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積以后(hou)(hou)，希(xi)望盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)把窗(chuang)口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積繞(rao)滿。如果(guo)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)充分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)窗(chuang)口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積，將會(hui)造成(cheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)變壓(ya)器外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)要(yao)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)材料成(cheng)本(ben)。因此(ci)，在高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電源變壓(ya)器磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)結(jie)構(gou)設計(ji)中，對(dui)窗(chuang)口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)，要(yao)綜合考(kao)慮各種因素(su)后(hou)(hou)來決定。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)既然不(bu)(bu)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)整體，必(bi)須(xu)分別用(yong)(yong)(yong)夾件(jian)固緊，才能(neng)保(bao)(bao)證各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械穩定性。同時，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)距離，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)兩端和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)繞(rao)組之(zhi)間都(dou)必(bi)須(xu)留有(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隙(xi)(xi)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)繞(rao)組填滿整個(ge)(ge)窗(chuang)口(kou)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了防(fang)止高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電源變壓(ya)器從(cong)里(li)向(xiang)外(wai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)從(cong)外(wai)向(xiang)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)干(gan)擾(rao)，有(you)(you)些磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)結(jie)構(gou)在窗(chuang)口(kou)外(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)半(ban)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)外(wai)殼(ke)屏(ping)蔽(bi)電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)干(gan)擾(rao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)好(hao)，但散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便，必(bi)須(xu)留有(you)(you)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)孔和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔。半(ban)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)外(wai)殼(ke)，封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)起屏(ping)蔽(bi)電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)干(gan)擾(rao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。窗(chuang)口(kou)完全開放(fang)，接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便，屏(ping)蔽(bi)電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)干(gan)擾(rao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)差。
磁芯參數
高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計中，要(yao)特別注(zhu)意工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)不(bu)只是(shi)受(shou)(shou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)曲線(xian)(xian)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)受(shou)(shou)損耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)，同(tong)時(shi)還(huan)(huan)與功率(lv)傳送的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)關(guan)。對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)功率(lv)傳送方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)單方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)，ΔB=Bm－Br，既受(shou)(shou)飽和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)，又(you)更(geng)主(zhu)要(yao)地是(shi)受(shou)(shou)損耗(hao)(hao)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)。但(dan)是(shi)單方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，沿(yan)局部磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)回線(xian)(xian)來回變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯損耗(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)沿(yan)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)回線(xian)(xian)來回變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)小(xiao)，只有(you)(you)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)30％～40％。而材料測試(shi)時(shi)是(shi)按正(zheng)(zheng)弦波雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)條件下(xia)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ΔB為2Bm進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，Bm可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)取材料測試(shi)損耗(hao)(hao)值(zhi)時(shi)，選取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)B值(zhi)高(gao)一(yi)倍以(yi)(yi)上。Br受(shou)(shou)材料磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)回線(xian)(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Br限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用開氣(qi)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法來降(jiang)低Br，以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)值(zhi)ΔB。雖然(ran)開氣(qi)隙(xi)后(hou)(hou)，激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有(you)(you)所增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，但(dan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)ΔB后(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯體(ti)積(ji)(ji)，還(huan)(huan)是(shi)值(zhi)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)功率(lv)傳送方(fang)(fang)式(shi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)，ΔB=2Bm，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)回線(xian)(xian)包圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)比(bi)(bi)局部回線(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)得(de)多(duo)，損耗(hao)(hao)也大(da)(da)得(de)多(duo)，Bm主(zhu)要(yao)受(shou)(shou)損耗(hao)(hao)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)，在(zai)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)中，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)注(zhu)意由(you)于各種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)因造(zao)成激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)負變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伏秒(miao)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)不(bu)相等，而出現直(zhi)流(liu)偏磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)問題。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路中加(jia)一(yi)個小(xiao)氣(qi)隙(xi)，或者在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)計時(shi)加(jia)隔直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，或者采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型控制(zhi)來解決。對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)功率(lv)傳送方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)導(dao)率(lv)是(shi)有(you)(you)氣(qi)隙(xi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等值(zhi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)導(dao)率(lv)，一(yi)般都(dou)比(bi)(bi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)曲線(xian)(xian)測出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)導(dao)率(lv)小(xiao)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)確定磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯結(jie)構(gou)后(hou)(hou)，直(zhi)接(jie)測試(shi)它邊線(xian)(xian)圈參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)圈參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)包括(kuo)：匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，導(dao)線(xian)(xian)截(jie)面(mian)（直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)），導(dao)線(xian)(xian)形式(shi)，繞組(zu)排列(lie)和(he)(he)絕緣安排。原(yuan)(yuan)繞組(zu)匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)根據外加(jia)激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或者原(yuan)(yuan)繞組(zu)激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感（儲存能(neng)(neng)量(liang)）來決定，匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)過多(duo)，也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)過少(shao)。如果匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)過多(duo)，會增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)漏(lou)感和(he)(he)繞線(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)；如果匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)過少(shao)，在(zai)外加(jia)激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)時(shi)，有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)使匝(za)(za)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)和(he)(he)層(ceng)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)，而必須加(jia)強絕緣。副繞組(zu)匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)由(you)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)決定。高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)用于高(gao)頻開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進行調整(zheng)，調整(zheng)上限(xian)(xian)受(shou)(shou)允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)占空(kong)比(bi)(bi)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)。在(zai)從(cong)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)計算(suan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，應(ying)考慮(lv)開關(guan)占空(kong)比(bi)(bi)，串(chuan)聯二極管壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)和(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。導(dao)線(xian)(xian)截(jie)面(mian)（直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)）決定于繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度(du)。繞組(zu)損耗(hao)(hao)（銅(tong)損）占總損耗(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)例比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)時(shi)，推薦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度(du)取2～4A/mm2，銅(tong)損占總損耗(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)例比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)小(xiao)時(shi)，推薦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度(du)取8～12A/mm2，但(dan)是(shi)，要(yao)經過變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)溫升(sheng)校核后(hou)(hou)進行必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)。還(huan)(huan)要(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)截(jie)面(mian)（直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)還(huan)(huan)與漏(lou)感有(you)(you)關(guan)。在(zai)同(tong)樣(yang)匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)下(xia)，導(dao)線(xian)(xian)截(jie)面(mian)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，內層(ceng)排列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)減少(shao)，層(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)。而漏(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場分布*近磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內層(ceng)大(da)(da)，外層(ceng)小(xiao)，與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯距(ju)離(li)平方(fang)(fang)成反(fan)比(bi)(bi)例地衰減。這樣(yang)，漏(lou)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內層(ceng)交鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匝(za)(za)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)減少(shao)從(cong)而使漏(lou)感下(xia)降(jiang)。
1）如果原繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)電壓高（例(li)如220V），副(fu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)電壓低，可以采用副(fu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)*近(jin)磁芯，接著繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)反饋繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)，原繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)在外層的繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)排列形式，這樣有(you)利于原繞(rao)(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)對磁芯的絕(jue)緣安排；
2）如果要增加原和(he)副(fu)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)之間耦合(he)，可(ke)以采用一半原繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)靠近(jin)磁(ci)芯，接著(zhu)繞(rao)反饋繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和(he)副(fu)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，外層再(zai)繞(rao)一半原繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)排列形式，這樣有利(li)于(yu)減少(shao)漏感。
絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)安排首先(xian)要(yao)(yao)注意使用的電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)件的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料等(deng)級(ji)，要(yao)(yao)與磁(ci)(ci)芯和(he)(he)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)允許的工作溫度相匹(pi)配。等(deng)級(ji)低(di)，滿足不(bu)了(le)耐(nai)熱(re)要(yao)(yao)求，等(deng)級(ji)過高(gao)，會增(zeng)加(jia)不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的材料成本。其次，對在圓柱形(xing)磁(ci)(ci)路上(shang)繞(rao)(rao)線(xian)(xian)的線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，采用線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)骨架(jia)，既可以保證絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)，又可以簡化繞(rao)(rao)線(xian)(xian)工藝。還有，線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)外層(ceng)和(he)(he)里層(ceng)，高(gao)壓和(he)(he)低(di)壓繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)之間都要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)。如果一般(ban)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)只墊一層(ceng)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)薄膜(mo)，加(jia)強(qiang)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)應墊2～3層(ceng)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)薄膜(mo)。
組(zu)裝結構
高(gao)(gao)頻電源變壓(ya)器(qi)組(zu)裝結(jie)構(gou)(gou)分為臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)和(he)立式(shi)(shi)兩種。如果選用平面磁芯(xin)、片(pian)式(shi)(shi)磁芯(xin)和(he)薄膜(mo)磁芯(xin)，都(dou)采用臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)組(zu)裝結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，上下表面比較大(da)，有利(li)于(yu)散(san)熱(re)或(huo)者附加散(san)熱(re)器(qi)，高(gao)(gao)度低，有利(li)于(yu)安裝在印刷電路(lu)板上。組(zu)裝結(jie)構(gou)(gou)中采用的(de)夾件(jian)和(he)接線端子等盡量采用標準(zhun)件(jian)，以便于(yu)外協加工，降低成本。
溫升校核
溫(wen)升(sheng)校核可以(yi)通過計算和(he)樣(yang)品(pin)測試來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。一般通過樣(yang)品(pin)試驗(yan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)溫(wen)升(sheng)核算的比較多一些。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)樣(yang)品(pin)試驗(yan)溫(wen)升(sheng)不超過允(yun)(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升(sheng)，可以(yi)通過。但(dan)是試驗(yan)溫(wen)升(sheng)低(di)于允(yun)(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升(sheng)15℃以(yi)上，要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)繞(rao)組(zu)的電流(liu)(liu)密(mi)度和(he)導線截(jie)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整(zheng)，適(shi)當增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)電流(liu)(liu)密(mi)度和(he)減少導線截(jie)面(mian)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)樣(yang)品(pin)試驗(yan)溫(wen)升(sheng)超過允(yun)(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升(sheng)，則要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)繞(rao)組(zu)的電流(liu)(liu)密(mi)度和(he)導線截(jie)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整(zheng)，適(shi)當減少電流(liu)(liu)密(mi)度和(he)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)導線截(jie)面(mian)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)導線截(jie)面(mian)，窗口繞(rao)不下，要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)尺寸(cun)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)樣(yang)品(pin)試驗(yan)磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)溫(wen)升(sheng)超過允(yun)(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升(sheng)，則要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)的散熱(re)面(mian)積，加(jia)(jia)大磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)。
高(gao)頻電(dian)源變壓器隨著工作頻率的提高(gao)，一體化(hua)污水(shui)處理設備設計不(bu)斷發生(sheng)變化(hua)，不(bu)斷出現新的(de)(de)軟磁(ci)材(cai)料，新的(de)(de)磁(ci)芯結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，新的(de)(de)導(dao)線(xian)材(cai)料和絕緣材(cai)料，新的(de)(de)線(xian)圈結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)和組裝結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)等(deng)等(deng)，不(bu)斷出現新的(de)(de)設計方(fang)法(fa)。
高頻(pin)電源變壓器設(she)計(ji)(ji)也有(you)目標(biao)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)目標(biao)是實現設(she)計(ji)(ji)原(yuan)則(ze)，在具(ju)體(ti)使用條件下完(wan)成(cheng)具(ju)體(ti)的(de)功能(neng)中追求性能(neng)價格(ge)比。
高頻電源(yuan)變壓器的(de)設(she)計(ji)方法(fa)也不(bu)只(zhi)一種(zhong)。不(bu)管采用(yong)哪一種(zhong)設(she)計(ji)方法(fa)，只(zhi)要能實現設(she)計(ji)原則(ze)，則(ze)該種(zhong)設(she)計(ji)方法(fa)就不(bu)能說是(shi)概(gai)念錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)。
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